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21.4. Motherboard format.
21.4.1. XT format.
The XT format dates back to the 8088 and 8086 computers. Since few of you will encounter them except in a museum, I will skip it. This format is specific to these cases (as are the power supply fixings). In any case, all components are specific to these machines: hard drives and controllers, video cards, ... In case of failure, you can do nothing, not even recover the data from the disk via another PC. Moreover, these machines generally run DOS 3.0 or 3.3, whose FAT is not readable by later DOS and necessarily Windows versions.
21.4.2. AT – Baby AT format.
With the introduction of the 286 in assembly version, motherboard manufacturers standardized the mechanical fittings of these boards. This allows any AT motherboard to be inserted into an AT-type case.
The format of AT motherboards is 22 cm wide by 33 cm long. It was widely used with 286, 386, 486, and Pentium boards. Motherboard manufacturers gradually reduced the length as the integration of integrated circuits into a single case evolved and the multilayer evolution of motherboards progressed.
21.4.3. ATX format
Based on an INTEL specification from 1997, ATX motherboards differ significantly from AT boards. The ergonomics have been completely redesigned. The processor has been moved closer to the power supply. Now, the serial, parallel, IDE and FD controllers, PS2 (keyboard and mouse), USB ports are directly integrated onto the motherboard. Already in Pentium boards, IDE and FD ports were integrated onto the motherboard. This is due to the integration of IDE and FD functions into the chipset.
The connector has been completely overhauled. This affects the specifications of the voltage regulators, now integrated into the power supply, whereas the circuits and their coolers were once integrated onto the motherboard. As a result, manufacturing a motherboard is less expensive. These boards remain powered when the PC is off. A simple signal via a switch restarts the motherboard.
21.4.4. LPX format
This motherboard format was used by Western Digital in 1987. The specifications were never really published. Compaq and Packard Bell were the first users. The expansion slots are not fixed on the board as in AT and ATX formats, but using a card fixed perpendicularly to the motherboard. This explains why cases using this format are often of low height. Currently, apart from certain special machines (think of the "rack" server), this format is no longer used.
21.4.5. NLX format
Launched in 1997, this motherboard format is based on the LPX. It integrates identical mechanical characteristics, with 2 distinct boards. The first integrates the processor, cache memory, and RAM as well as the integrated ports. The daughterboard integrates the expansion slots. When dismantling the case, only the main board is removed, with the daughterboard remaining in place. Current technologies are all integrated on these boards, AGP, USB
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21.4.1. XT format.
The XT format dates back to the 8088 and 8086 computers. Since few of you will encounter them except in a museum, I will skip it. This format is specific to these cases (as are the power supply fixings). In any case, all components are specific to these machines: hard drives and controllers, video cards, ... In case of failure, you can do nothing, not even recover the data from the disk via another PC. Moreover, these machines generally run DOS 3.0 or 3.3, whose FAT is not readable by later DOS and necessarily Windows versions.
21.4.2. AT – Baby AT format.
With the introduction of the 286 in assembly version, motherboard manufacturers standardized the mechanical fittings of these boards. This allows any AT motherboard to be inserted into an AT-type case.
The format of AT motherboards is 22 cm wide by 33 cm long. It was widely used with 286, 386, 486, and Pentium boards. Motherboard manufacturers gradually reduced the length as the integration of integrated circuits into a single case evolved and the multilayer evolution of motherboards progressed.
21.4.3. ATX format
Based on an INTEL specification from 1997, ATX motherboards differ significantly from AT boards. The ergonomics have been completely redesigned. The processor has been moved closer to the power supply. Now, the serial, parallel, IDE and FD controllers, PS2 (keyboard and mouse), USB ports are directly integrated onto the motherboard. Already in Pentium boards, IDE and FD ports were integrated onto the motherboard. This is due to the integration of IDE and FD functions into the chipset.
The connector has been completely overhauled. This affects the specifications of the voltage regulators, now integrated into the power supply, whereas the circuits and their coolers were once integrated onto the motherboard. As a result, manufacturing a motherboard is less expensive. These boards remain powered when the PC is off. A simple signal via a switch restarts the motherboard.
21.4.4. LPX format
This motherboard format was used by Western Digital in 1987. The specifications were never really published. Compaq and Packard Bell were the first users. The expansion slots are not fixed on the board as in AT and ATX formats, but using a card fixed perpendicularly to the motherboard. This explains why cases using this format are often of low height. Currently, apart from certain special machines (think of the "rack" server), this format is no longer used.
21.4.5. NLX format
Launched in 1997, this motherboard format is based on the LPX. It integrates identical mechanical characteristics, with 2 distinct boards. The first integrates the processor, cache memory, and RAM as well as the integrated ports. The daughterboard integrates the expansion slots. When dismantling the case, only the main board is removed, with the daughterboard remaining in place. Current technologies are all integrated on these boards, AGP, USB
Source: http://www.ybet.be/hard1ch21/hard1ch21.php
Hi Fabrice, look here:
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atx
and there....http://www.commentcamarche.net/pc/carte-mere.php3
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atx
and there....http://www.commentcamarche.net/pc/carte-mere.php3
La carte mère ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended) et la carte mère AT (Advanced Technology) diffèrent principalement par leur taille, leur agencement, leurs fonctionnalités et leur standardisation.
1. **Taille** : La carte mère ATX est plus grande que la carte mère AT. L’ATX mesure généralement 305 x 244 mm (12 x 9.6 pouces), tandis que l’AT mesure environ 305 x 229 mm (12 x 9 pouces).
2. **Agencement** : L’ATX propose un agencement plus flexible avec plus de slots d’extension et une meilleure disposition des connecteurs d’alimentation. Elle permet également une meilleure gestion des câbles pour améliorer le flux d’air dans le boîtier.
3. **Fonctionnalités** : Les cartes mères ATX intègrent souvent des fonctionnalités modernes telles que des ports USB supplémentaires, des emplacements pour la mémoire vive plus récents, et un meilleur support pour les technologies de stockage avancées. Les cartes mères AT, en revanche, sont plus anciennes et moins équipées.
4. **Standardisation** : Le standard ATX a été conçu pour reproduire la compatibilité entre différentes marques et modèles de composants, tandis que les spécifications AT sont moins standardisées.
En résumé, l’ATX est une version plus moderne et flexible de la carte mère par rapport à l'AT, qui est désormais considérée comme obsolète pour la plupart des applications.
1. **Taille** : La carte mère ATX est plus grande que la carte mère AT. L’ATX mesure généralement 305 x 244 mm (12 x 9.6 pouces), tandis que l’AT mesure environ 305 x 229 mm (12 x 9 pouces).
2. **Agencement** : L’ATX propose un agencement plus flexible avec plus de slots d’extension et une meilleure disposition des connecteurs d’alimentation. Elle permet également une meilleure gestion des câbles pour améliorer le flux d’air dans le boîtier.
3. **Fonctionnalités** : Les cartes mères ATX intègrent souvent des fonctionnalités modernes telles que des ports USB supplémentaires, des emplacements pour la mémoire vive plus récents, et un meilleur support pour les technologies de stockage avancées. Les cartes mères AT, en revanche, sont plus anciennes et moins équipées.
4. **Standardisation** : Le standard ATX a été conçu pour reproduire la compatibilité entre différentes marques et modèles de composants, tandis que les spécifications AT sont moins standardisées.
En résumé, l’ATX est une version plus moderne et flexible de la carte mère par rapport à l'AT, qui est désormais considérée comme obsolète pour la plupart des applications.
Salut, respect à vous tous. Je voudrais savoir la différence entre la carte mère AT et la carte mère ATX. Et je voulais aussi connaître la différence entre l'alimentation AT et l'alimentation ATX. Je n'arrive pas à faire cette différence. Alors s'il vous plaît, si quelqu'un pouvait m'aider avec plaisir. Merci de votre attention.
An AT card has a limited number of peripheral ports and several expansion connectors, while an ATX card has an expanded number of peripheral ports and allows for good airflow inside the case or central unit, unlike an AT card which does not allow for good airflow due to the clutter of the expansion connectors.
Hello to you
I don't want to say nonsense, so correct me if necessary:
The AT power supply delivers a certain power through: 1 main connector with 20 pins - several MOLEX connectors - 1 or 2 floppy power connectors.
The ATX power supply delivers a certain power through: 1 main connector with 20 pins + a 4-pin power connector that directly powers the processor with 3.3V; 5V; and 12V - several molex connectors + 1 or 2 Serial ATA connectors - 1 floppy connector.
That's it for the power supply.
I also wanted to know the difference between AT power supplies and ATX power supplies. I can't seem to make that distinction.
I don't want to say nonsense, so correct me if necessary:
The AT power supply delivers a certain power through: 1 main connector with 20 pins - several MOLEX connectors - 1 or 2 floppy power connectors.
The ATX power supply delivers a certain power through: 1 main connector with 20 pins + a 4-pin power connector that directly powers the processor with 3.3V; 5V; and 12V - several molex connectors + 1 or 2 Serial ATA connectors - 1 floppy connector.
That's it for the power supply.
-There are several ways to characterize a motherboard, including the following characteristics:
* the form factor,
* the chipset,
* the type of processor socket,
* the input-output connectors.
I will only talk about the form factor of a motherboard
The term "form factor" (or "form factor" in English) generally refers to the geometry, dimensions, layout, and electrical characteristics of the motherboard. To provide motherboards that can fit into different cases from various brands, standards have been established:
* AT baby / AT full format is a format used in the first PC-type computers such as 386 or 486. This format has been replaced by the ATX format, which has a shape more conducive to airflow and makes access to components easier;
* ATX: The ATX format is an evolution of the Baby-AT format. It is a format designed to improve ergonomics. Thus, the layout of connectors on an ATX motherboard is designed to optimize the connection of peripherals (for example, IDE connectors are located on the side of the drives). Furthermore, the components of the motherboard are oriented parallel to allow for better heat dissipation;
o Standard ATX: The standard ATX format has classic dimensions of 305x244 mm. It offers an AGP connector and 6 PCI connectors.
o micro-ATX: The microATX format is an evolution of the ATX format, retaining its main advantages while offering a smaller dimension format (244x244 mm) at a reduced cost. The micro-ATX format provides an AGP connector and 3 PCI connectors.
o Flex-ATX: The FlexATX format is an extension of the microATX format to provide some flexibility for manufacturers in designing their computers. It offers an AGP connector and 2 PCI connectors.
o mini-ATX: The miniATX format is a compact alternative to the microATX format (284x208 mm), providing an AGP connector and 4 PCI connectors instead of 3 for the microATX format. It is primarily intended for mini-PC (barebone) computers.
* BTX: The BTX format (Balanced Technology eXtended), promoted by Intel, is a format designed to improve component layout to optimize airflow and allow for acoustic and thermal optimization. The various connectors (memory connectors, expansion connectors) are thus aligned parallel to the airflow direction. Additionally, the microprocessor is located at the front of the case near the air intake, where the air is coolest. The BTX power connector is the same as the ATX power supplies. The BTX standard defines three formats:
o Standard BTX, with standard dimensions of 325x267 mm;
o micro-BTX, with reduced dimensions (264x267 mm);
o pico-BTX, with extremely reduced dimensions (203x267 mm).
* ITX: The ITX format (Information Technology eXtended), promoted by Via, is an extremely compact format intended for confined configurations such as mini-PCs. There are two main ITX formats:
o mini-ITX, with tiny dimensions (170x170 mm) and one PCI slot;
o nano-ITX, with extremely tiny dimensions (120x120 mm) and one miniPCI slot.
Thus, the choice of a motherboard (and its form factor) determines the choice of case. The table below summarizes the characteristics of the different form factors:
Form factor Dimensions Slots
ATX 305 mm x 244 mm AGP / 6 PCI
microATX 244 mm x 244 mm AGP / 3 PCI
FlexATX 229 mm x 191 mm AGP / 2 PCI
Mini ATX 284 mm x 208 mm AGP / 4 PCI
Mini ITX 170 mm x 170 mm 1 PCI
Nano ITX 120 mm x 120 mm 1 MiniPCI
BTX 325 mm x 267 mm 7
microBTX 264 mm x 267 mm 4
picoBTX 203 mm x 267 mm 1
VIVA ALGERIA !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
* the form factor,
* the chipset,
* the type of processor socket,
* the input-output connectors.
I will only talk about the form factor of a motherboard
The term "form factor" (or "form factor" in English) generally refers to the geometry, dimensions, layout, and electrical characteristics of the motherboard. To provide motherboards that can fit into different cases from various brands, standards have been established:
* AT baby / AT full format is a format used in the first PC-type computers such as 386 or 486. This format has been replaced by the ATX format, which has a shape more conducive to airflow and makes access to components easier;
* ATX: The ATX format is an evolution of the Baby-AT format. It is a format designed to improve ergonomics. Thus, the layout of connectors on an ATX motherboard is designed to optimize the connection of peripherals (for example, IDE connectors are located on the side of the drives). Furthermore, the components of the motherboard are oriented parallel to allow for better heat dissipation;
o Standard ATX: The standard ATX format has classic dimensions of 305x244 mm. It offers an AGP connector and 6 PCI connectors.
o micro-ATX: The microATX format is an evolution of the ATX format, retaining its main advantages while offering a smaller dimension format (244x244 mm) at a reduced cost. The micro-ATX format provides an AGP connector and 3 PCI connectors.
o Flex-ATX: The FlexATX format is an extension of the microATX format to provide some flexibility for manufacturers in designing their computers. It offers an AGP connector and 2 PCI connectors.
o mini-ATX: The miniATX format is a compact alternative to the microATX format (284x208 mm), providing an AGP connector and 4 PCI connectors instead of 3 for the microATX format. It is primarily intended for mini-PC (barebone) computers.
* BTX: The BTX format (Balanced Technology eXtended), promoted by Intel, is a format designed to improve component layout to optimize airflow and allow for acoustic and thermal optimization. The various connectors (memory connectors, expansion connectors) are thus aligned parallel to the airflow direction. Additionally, the microprocessor is located at the front of the case near the air intake, where the air is coolest. The BTX power connector is the same as the ATX power supplies. The BTX standard defines three formats:
o Standard BTX, with standard dimensions of 325x267 mm;
o micro-BTX, with reduced dimensions (264x267 mm);
o pico-BTX, with extremely reduced dimensions (203x267 mm).
* ITX: The ITX format (Information Technology eXtended), promoted by Via, is an extremely compact format intended for confined configurations such as mini-PCs. There are two main ITX formats:
o mini-ITX, with tiny dimensions (170x170 mm) and one PCI slot;
o nano-ITX, with extremely tiny dimensions (120x120 mm) and one miniPCI slot.
Thus, the choice of a motherboard (and its form factor) determines the choice of case. The table below summarizes the characteristics of the different form factors:
Form factor Dimensions Slots
ATX 305 mm x 244 mm AGP / 6 PCI
microATX 244 mm x 244 mm AGP / 3 PCI
FlexATX 229 mm x 191 mm AGP / 2 PCI
Mini ATX 284 mm x 208 mm AGP / 4 PCI
Mini ITX 170 mm x 170 mm 1 PCI
Nano ITX 120 mm x 120 mm 1 MiniPCI
BTX 325 mm x 267 mm 7
microBTX 264 mm x 267 mm 4
picoBTX 203 mm x 267 mm 1
VIVA ALGERIA !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!