I see you're in a pretty tight spot, so try this
Time Machine: FAQ
By Nicolas Forgeard-Grignon on Saturday, November 3, 2007, 9:46 PM - Software - Apple Mac - Backup and Archiving
Time Machine is Apple's new backup utility. It is directly integrated into Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard). Very easy to use, it is aimed at the general public who can set it up in two mouse clicks after connecting a hard drive to their computer. We geeks and network administrators may feel frustrated by not having all the information and options we are used to with other backup software, so here's a little FAQ that should help us find our way.
Frequently Asked Questions:
01. How do I select the folders to back up?
02. What types of media can backups be made on?
03. Can we back up to a drive connected to an Airport Extreme base?
04. What is the backup frequency?
05. How can I tell if Leopard is backing up?
06. Can we use a single disk to back up multiple systems?
07. Can we use multiple disks to back up a single system?
08. Can we use a disk that is already serving another purpose?
09. Can we use Time Machine with FileVault?
10. Can we use Time Machine with FileVault after Tiger?
11. How do I perform a normal data recovery?
12. How do I perform a disaster recovery?
13. Can we force a backup?
01. How do I select the folders to back up?
The principle of Time Machine is to back up the entire computer. The choice of folders to back up is therefore done by subtraction. It is not necessarily necessary to limit the backup, however, some habits can be very storage-hungry. This choice is made in the Time Machine system preferences.
For example, if you download to burn and then delete, the backup will keep the original file even though it’s not necessary. Similarly, if you use virtualized systems with Parallels or VMware, the virtual machine file, which is very large, is modified every time it is launched and will therefore be regularly backed up, accumulating multiple versions of a file of several GB.
02. What types of media can backups be made on?
Backups can be made on different types of media:
Firewire hard drive
USB hard drive
Network share
Second internal hard drive
Partition of a hard drive
03. Can we back up to a drive connected to an Airport Extreme base?
Although this was initially promised by Steve Jobs and even possible with the preliminary versions of Leopard, it is currently not officially possible with the current version of Leopard. Let's hope this will be corrected in a future system update.
04. What is the backup frequency?
Officially, it is not possible to change the default settings. Time Machine performs incremental backups, meaning it only records what has been modified, every hour when the computer is on and the backup device is connected. Time Machine keeps the following backups:
All hourly backups from the last 24 hours
All daily backups from the last month
All weekly backups. The oldest are deleted to make room for the newest when the system reaches saturation.
However, some tweaks allow you to bypass this limitation.
Note: Automatic backup does not trigger on its own on a USB or Firewire drive connected to a laptop if the latter is not plugged into a power source.
05. How can I tell if Leopard is backing up?
In Finder, a small arrow next to the backup device symbolizes Time Machine activity.
06. Can we use a single disk to back up multiple systems?
It is quite possible to use a single hard drive to back up multiple systems. Time Machine creates a main backup folder named Backups.backupdb and subdivides it into as many folders as there are machines. In the next capture, I am only backing up one system called MacBook-NFG.
Note: Time Machine is designed to use a disk in its entirety; if you really want to use a disk both for Time Machine and for something else, it is strongly advised to partition it.
07. Can we use multiple disks to back up a single system?
Good question, I won’t take long to test it; if you have done it before me, please leave me a little comment.
08. Can we use a disk that is already serving another purpose?
It is quite possible to recycle an old hard drive to make Time Machine backups. Since a backup folder will be created to organize the entire backup, the other data already on the disk will be preserved.
Note: Time Machine is incompatible with the FAT32 file system; if you try to use a disk that uses it, you will be asked to format it, and you will then lose everything that was on it.
09. Can we use Time Machine with FileVault?
Yes, Time Machine is compatible with FileVault, however, to ensure the security of data on the backup device, the source folders are embedded in encrypted DMG files. Using FileVault does not allow for individual file recovery, but only for the entire source folder. To recover a single file, one must go "digging" through the various DMG files.
Using Time Machine with File Vault is therefore really only useful for data recovery after a disaster.
10. Can we use Time Machine with FileVault after Tiger?
Tiger (Mac OS X 10.4) and Leopard (Mac OS X 10.5) do not use the same FileVault encryption protocol. If you upgrade a Tiger system using FileVault to Leopard, an error message will appear when activating Time Machine.
To activate Time Machine, you must decrypt and re-encrypt the source folder by disabling and then re-enabling FileVault in system preferences.
Note: I advise you to back up before starting this procedure (if not using Time Machine, you can use Carbon Copy Cloner) and to not interrupt the process once started. For my part, the decryption, encryption, and deletion of the old source folder took nearly 5 hours for 60 GB of data on a 2 GHz MacBook!
11. How do I perform a normal data recovery?
To recover deleted or lost data, simply launch Time Machine and follow the well-designed interface. If you are recovering an existing document, Time Machine will offer to either overwrite the existing one with the one you are recovering or to keep both, in which case the existing one will be renamed.
12. How do I perform a disaster recovery?
By "disaster recovery," I mean "recovery after system destruction" (or theft), which often happens when a hard drive fails. In this case, boot from the Leopard DVD and launch system restoration from the backup found in the "Utilities" menu and follow the instructions (thanks to Spiral on #MacBidouille for this tip).
13. Can we force a backup?
It is possible to trigger the backup process at any time, which can be very useful when using a drive connected all the time. To force the backup, simply right-click or [ctrl] click on the Time Machine icon in the Dock to see the "Back Up Now" menu appear.
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