Prepared Statement et requête

import java.sql.*;

public enum VehiculeColonne {
    KILOMETRAGE("Kilométrage", "kilometrage",
            str -> Integer.parseInt(str) >= 0,
            (stmt, n, str) -> stmt.setInt(n, Integer.parseInt(str))),
    IMMATRICULATION("Immatriculation", "immatricution",
            str -> str.matches("\\w+"),
            (stmt, n, str) -> stmt.setString(n, str));

    private final String description, colonne;
    private final Function<String, Boolean> validator;
    private final StatementSetter setter;

    private VehiculeColonne(String description, String colonne,
            Function<String, Boolean> validator, StatementSetter setter) {
        this.description = description;
        this.colonne = colonne;
        this.validator = validator;
        this.setter = setter;
    }

    public String getTableColonne() {
        return colonne;
    }

    public String getTableColonne(String tableId) {
        return tableId + "." + colonne;
    }

    public boolean isValid(String value) {
        try {
            return validator.apply(value);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public void setParameter(PreparedStatement statement,
            int index, String param) throws SQLException {
        setter.accept(statement, index, param);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return description;
    }
}

import java.sql.*;

@FunctionalInterface
public interface StatementSetter {
    void accept(PreparedStatement statement, int index, String param) throws SQLException;
}

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.sql.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class Test {

    private static void validate(VehiculeColonne colonne,
            JTextField textField, JButton button) {
        if (colonne.isValid(textField.getText())) {
            textField.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
            button.setEnabled(true);
        } else {
            textField.setBackground(Color.RED);
            button.setEnabled(false);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        JTextField textField = new JTextField();
        JComboBox<VehiculeColonne> comboBox =
                new JComboBox<VehiculeColonne>();
        JButton button = new JButton("Requête SQL");

        for (VehiculeColonne colonne : VehiculeColonne.values()) {
            comboBox.addItem(colonne);
            comboBox.addItemListener(itemEvent -> {
                if (itemEvent.getStateChange() == ItemEvent.SELECTED) {
                    validate(colonne, textField, button);
                }
            });
        }

        textField.addKeyListener(new KeyListener() {
            @Override
            public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
                validate((VehiculeColonne) comboBox.getSelectedItem(),
                        textField, button);
            }

            public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
            }

            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
            }
        });

        button.addActionListener(actionEvent -> {
            VehiculeColonne colonne =
                    (VehiculeColonne) comboBox.getSelectedItem();
            String sql = "UPDATE vehicules SET "
                    + colonne.getTableColonne() + " = ?";
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, sql);
/*
            try (Connection con = null) { // TODO
                PreparedStatement stmt = con.prepareStatement(sql);
                colonne.setParameter(stmt, 1, textField.getText());
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
//*/
        });

        frame.add(comboBox, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(textField, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.add(button, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.setSize(200, 120);
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}