Pas d'accès aux fichiers

Salut,
A tout hasard je rajoute :

[big_boss@localhost ~]$ su -
Password:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab
# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details
/dev/hdc8 / ext3 defaults 1 1
/dev/hdc10 /home ext3 defaults 1 2
/dev/hdb /mnt/cdrom iso9660 user,iocharset=iso8859-15,noauto,ro,exec 0 0
/dev/hdd /mnt/cdrom2 auto umask=0,user,iocharset=iso8859-15,codepage=850,noauto,ro,exec,users 0 0
none /mnt/floppy supermount dev=/dev/fd0,fs=ext2:vfat,--,umask=0,iocharset=iso8859-15,sync,codepage=850 0 0
/dev/hdc1 /mnt/win_c ntfs umask=0,nls=iso8859-15,ro 0 0
/dev/hdc5 /mnt/win_d vfat umask=0,iocharset=iso8859-15,codepage=850 0 0
/dev/hdc6 /mnt/win_e ntfs umask=0,nls=iso8859-15,ro 0 0
/dev/hdc7 /mnt/win_f ntfs umask=0,nls=iso8859-15,ro 0 0
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/hdc9 swap swap defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]#
Mais s'il fallait intervenir là-dedans, please, veuillez me documenter la marche à siuvre !
Merci
@+

Tu peux nous mettre le message d'erreur exact s'il te plait ?

Si tu peux accéder à la partition en root mais pas en user, jète un oeil aux options users, gid,uid dans "man fstab" Les uid sont choppables dans /etc/passwd et les gid dans /etc/group.

Bonsoir,
C'est sympa de venir à mon secours.
Au lancement, Konqueror envoie le message d'erreur suivant :
=> Listing folders is not supported protocol about.
A noter que j'ai accès aux fichiers images pour les fonds d'écran des différents bureaux. Ce refus d'accès ne semble concerner que konqueror.

Voici les affichages de : cat /etc/passwrd
et de : cat /etc/group

[big_boss@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/bin/sh
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/bin/sh
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/sh
news:x:9:13:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh
operator:x:11:0:operator:/var:/bin/sh
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
nobody:x:65534:65534:Nobody:/:/bin/sh
rpm:x:13:101:system user for rpm:/var/lib/rpm:/bin/false
postfix:x:14:102:system user for postfix:/var/spool/postfix:/bin/false
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
xfs:x:70:70:system user for xorg-x11:/etc/X11/fs:/bin/false
messagebus:x:71:71:system user for dbus:/:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:72:72:system user for hal:/:/sbin/nologin
big_boss:x:500:500:big_boss:/home/big_boss:/bin/bash
anne:x:501:501:Anne:/home/anne:/bin/bash;
**********************************************************************
[big_boss@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/group
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
daemon:x:2:messagebus
sys:x:3:
adm:x:4:
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:
mem:x:8:
kmem:x:9:
wheel:x:10:
mail:x:12:
news:x:13:
uucp:x:14:
man:x:15:
floppy:x:19:
games:x:20:
tape:x:21:
cdrom:x:22:
utmp:x:24:
usb:x:43:
cdwriter:x:80:
audio:x:81:
video:x:82:
users:x:100:
nogroup:x:65534:
rpm:x:101:
postfix:x:102:
postdrop:x:103:postfix
xgrp:x:104:xfs
ntools:x:105:
ctools:x:106:
vcsa:x:69:
xfs:x:70:
messagebus:x:71:
haldaemon:x:72:
slocate:x:107:
big_boss:x:500:
anne:x:501:
[big_boss@localhost ~]$;

Merci d'avance pour votre aide.

Ok rajoute aux lignes appropriées les options suivantes dans /etc/fstab :
Pour la fat :

users,rw,quiet,auto

Pour la ntfs :

users,ro,auto

Ensuite il manque tes partitions / et /home dans /etc/fstab : c'est pour ça que tu vois rien ;o) Il faut donc que tu les rajoutes !!!

Vérifie avec fdisk ou cfdisk les identifiants de tes partitions linux et leur filesystem (ext2, ext3 ou reiserfs normalement).

Puis rajoute les dans /etc/fstab : Par exmple si / est sur /dev/hda1 en reiserfs et /home sur /dev/hda3 en ext3, rajoute :

/dev/hda3     /home    ext3         auto,rw   0  0
/dev/hda1     /         reiserfs    auto,rw   0  0

Ne pas oublier l'option auto qui permet de monter au démarrage. Tu peux le mettre sur les autres partitions aussi si tu veux.

Puis tape :
umount -a && mount -a

Bonsoir,
Je n'ai pas bien compris pour quelle raison ma réponse est partie en amont avec le même titre.
J'y disais que je ne savais pas comment m'y prendre pour réaliser tout ceci.
merci de ta compréhension et de me détailler où cela doit se faire.
@+

Bonjour,
J'ai installé Vim dans ma mandriva 2005
Alors comment faire svp ?

Recopier tout :
# cat /etc/fstab
dans cet éditeur-là ? Jamais fait ! ! !

Ensuite apporter les modifications indiquées ?

Et quitter en sauvegardant ?

C'est du TNT tout ça ???

Merci du coup de pouce.

Bonjour,
Pas encore aguerri en Linux notamment en lignes de commandes.

Le passage par Vim paraît indispensable et je n'arrive pas à faire intégrer les modifications apportées à " /etc/fstab" dans cet éditeur de texte.

Une petite aide complémentaire serait la bienvenue.

merci de me faire avancer

Salut np34 !

Nos mails se sont croisés.

Que penses-tu des modifs apportées par rapport au relevé initial ?

Merci de ton aide très appréciée

ben ce qui serait bien, c'est déjà d'avoir le résultat des commandes suivantes :

# mount
# ls -la /mnt/win_*

ce qui permettrait d'en savoir un peu plus sur les montages actuels et les droits que tu as pour lister le contenu de tes partitions Windows.

Bonsoir,
Je crois que la suite sera au prochain numéro car j'ai planté mdv ! ! !

Dès que ce sera possible je réinstallerai la 2005 et reprendrai alors contact avec le forum.

C'est comme ça qu'on apprend...
Sinon Mandriva LE 2005 c'est super !
Ciao
Et cordialement

Bonjour,

Me revoici après réinstallation de mdv 2005,...qui n'a rien changé !

REQUETE :
Excusez les majuscules.

Pour demander d'expliquer à quelqu'un dont le niveau se situe juste avant celui de ceux qui utilisent allègrement le Vim ;-)
Pourquoi en comparant le premier /etc/fstab du post
de celui-ci :
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab
# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details
/dev/hdc8 / ext3 defaults 1 1
/dev/hdc10 /home ext3 defaults 1 2
/dev/hdb /mnt/cdrom iso9660 user,iocharset=iso8859-15,noauto,ro,exec 0 0
/dev/hdd /mnt/cdrom2 auto umask=0,user,iocharset=iso8859-15,codepage=850,noauto,ro,exec,users 0 0
none /mnt/floppy supermount dev=/dev/fd0,fs=ext2:vfat,--,umask=0,iocharset=iso8859-15,sync,codepage=850 0 0
/dev/hdc1 /mnt/win_c ntfs umask=0,nls=iso8859-15,ro,users 0 0
/dev/hdc5 /mnt/win_d vfat umask=0,iocharset=iso8859-15,autocodepage=850,codepage=850,users,quiet 0 0
/dev/hdc6 /mnt/win_e ntfs umask=0,nls=iso8859-15,ro 0 0
/dev/hdc7 /mnt/win_f ntfs umask=0,nls=iso8859-15,ro 0 0
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/hdc9 swap swap defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]#
le système a planté ! ! !

A l'énumération du lacement je note qu'il y deux échecs "aux système de fichiers"

N'y a-t-il pas un moyen autrement de remettre tout à plat. A la réinstallation j'ai pourtant demandé de formater partition système et home.

Les modifs faites via le Vim ont été bien prises en compte, c'est ma maigre consolation;

Merci à tous pour votre aide ;-)

Salut,

voici le listing :

[root@localhost ~]# dmesg
Linux version 2.6.11-6mdk (gb@n2.mandrakesoft.com) (gcc version 3.4.3 (Mandrakelinux 10.2 3.4.3-3mdk)) #1 Tue Mar 22 16:04:32 CET 2005
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000000f0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001fff0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000001fff0000 - 000000001fff3000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820: 000000001fff3000 - 0000000020000000 (ACPI data)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec01000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000ffff0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEM available.
511MB LOWMEM available.
On node 0 totalpages: 131056
DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:1
Normal zone: 126960 pages, LIFO batch:16
HighMem zone: 0 pages, LIFO batch:1
DMI 2.2 present.
ACPI: RSDP (v000 Nvidia ) @ 0x000f6b60
ACPI: RSDT (v001 Nvidia AWRDACPI 0x42302e31 AWRD 0x00000000) @ 0x1fff3000
ACPI: FADT (v001 Nvidia AWRDACPI 0x42302e31 AWRD 0x00000000) @ 0x1fff3040
ACPI: MADT (v001 Nvidia AWRDACPI 0x42302e31 AWRD 0x00000000) @ 0x1fff79c0
ACPI: DSDT (v001 NVIDIA AWRDACPI 0x00001000 MSFT 0x0100000d) @ 0x00000000
ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x4008
ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
Processor #0 6:10 APIC version 16
ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x00] high edge lint[0x1])
Allocating PCI resources starting at 20000000 (gap: 20000000:dec00000)
Built 1 zonelists
Found and enabled local APIC!
mapped APIC to ffffd000 (fee00000)
Initializing CPU#0
Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=linux ro root=1608 acpi=ht splash=silent
bootsplash: silent mode.
PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 11, 32768 bytes)
Detected 1829.864 MHz processor.
Using pmtmr for high-res timesource
Console: colour dummy device 80x25
Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Memory: 514872k/524224k available (2295k kernel code, 8792k reserved, 686k data, 264k init, 0k highmem, 0k BadRAM)
Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok.
Calibrating delay loop... 3620.86 BogoMIPS (lpj=1810432)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
CPU: After generic identify, caps: 0383fbff c1c3fbff 00000000 00000000 0000000000000000 00000000
CPU: After vendor identify, caps: 0383fbff c1c3fbff 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU: L1 I Cache: 64K (64 bytes/line), D cache 64K (64 bytes/line)
CPU: L2 Cache: 512K (64 bytes/line)
CPU: After all inits, caps: 0383fbff c1c3fbff 00000000 00000020 00000000 00000000 00000000
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#0.
CPU: AMD Athlon(tm) XP 2500+ stepping 00
Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done.
Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done.
Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.
checking if image is initramfs...it isn't (no cpio magic); looks like an initrd
Freeing initrd memory: 218k freed
NET: Registered protocol family 16
PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfb420, last bus=2
PCI: Using configuration type 1
mtrr: v2.0 (20020519)
ACPI: Subsystem revision 20050211
ACPI: Interpreter disabled.
Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay
pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled
PnPBIOS: Disabled
PCI: Probing PCI hardware
PCI: Probing PCI hardware (bus 00)
PCI: nForce2 C1 Halt Disconnect fixup
PCI: Discovered primary peer bus ff [IRQ]
PCI: Using IRQ router default [10de/01e0] at 0000:00:00.0
spurious 8259A interrupt: IRQ7.
apm: BIOS version 1.2 Flags 0x07 (Driver version 1.16ac)
audit: initializing netlink socket (disabled)
audit(1121188481.680:0): initialized
inotify device minor=63
VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1
Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
devfs: boot_options: 0x0
Initializing Cryptographic API
vesafb: framebuffer at 0xc0000000, mapped to 0xe0880000, using 3750k, total 131072k
vesafb: mode is 800x600x16, linelength=1600, pages=135
vesafb: protected mode interface info at c000:5733
vesafb: scrolling: redraw
vesafb: Truecolor: size=0:5:6:5, shift=0:11:5:0
bootsplash 3.1.6-2004/03/31: looking for picture...<6> silentjpeg size 35024 bytes,<6>...found (800x600, 34976 bytes, v3).
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 92x32
fb0: VESA VGA frame buffer device
isapnp: Scanning for PnP cards...
isapnp: No Plug & Play device found
Real Time Clock Driver v1.12
serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 8 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A
ttyS1 at I/O 0x2f8 (irq = 3) is a 16550A
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 32000K size 1024 blocksize
pktcdvd: v0.2.0a 2004-07-14 Jens Axboe (axboe@suse.de) and petero2@telia.com
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
NFORCE2: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:09.0
NFORCE2: chipset revision 162
NFORCE2: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
NFORCE2: BIOS didn't set cable bits correctly. Enabling workaround.
NFORCE2: 0000:00:09.0 (rev a2) UDMA133 controller
ide0: BM-DMA at 0xf000-0xf007, BIOS settings: hda:DMA, hdb:DMA
ide1: BM-DMA at 0xf008-0xf00f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, hdd:DMA
Probing IDE interface ide0...
hdb: JLMS XJ-HD166S, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
Probing IDE interface ide1...
hdc: Maxtor 6Y080L0, ATA DISK drive
hdd: DVD-RW IDE1008, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15
hdc: max request size: 128KiB
hdc: 160086528 sectors (81964 MB) w/2048KiB Cache, CHS=65535/16/63, UDMA(133)
hdc: cache flushes supported
/dev/ide/host0/bus1/target0/lun0: p1 p2 < p5 p6 p7 p8 p9 p10 >
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard on isa0060/serio0
input: ImExPS/2 Logitech Explorer Mouse on isa0060/serio1
md: md driver 0.90.1 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP: routing cache hash table of 4096 buckets, 32Kbytes
TCP established hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 32768 bind 32768)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
BIOS EDD facility v0.16 2004-Jun-25, 1 devices found
devfs_mk_dev: could not append to parent for md/0
md: Autodetecting RAID arrays.
md: autorun ...
md: ... autorun DONE.
RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
Freeing unused kernel memory: 264k freed
usbcore: registered new driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new driver hub
ohci_hcd: 2004 Nov 08 USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver (PCI)
ohci_hcd 0000:00:02.0: OHCI Host Controller
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:02.0 to 64
ohci_hcd 0000:00:02.0: irq 5, pci mem 0xe8080000
ohci_hcd 0000:00:02.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 3 ports detected
ohci_hcd 0000:00:02.1: OHCI Host Controller
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:02.1 to 64
ohci_hcd 0000:00:02.1: irq 10, pci mem 0xe8083000
ohci_hcd 0000:00:02.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 2-0:1.0: 3 ports detected
ehci_hcd 0000:00:02.2: EHCI Host Controller
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:02.2 to 64
ehci_hcd 0000:00:02.2: irq 11, pci mem 0xe8086000
ehci_hcd 0000:00:02.2: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3
PCI: cache line size of 64 is not supported by device 0000:00:02.2
ehci_hcd 0000:00:02.2: park 0
ehci_hcd 0000:00:02.2: USB 2.0 initialized, EHCI 1.00, driver 10 Dec 2004
hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 3-0:1.0: 6 ports detected
EXT3 FS on hdc8, internal journal
SCSI subsystem initialized
libata version 1.10 loaded.
sata_sil version 0.8
ata1: SATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0xE082C080 ctl 0xE082C08A bmdma 0xE082C000 irq 11
ata2: SATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0xE082C0C0 ctl 0xE082C0CA bmdma 0xE082C008 irq 11
ata1: no device found (phy stat 00000000)
scsi0 : sata_sil
ata2: no device found (phy stat 00000000)
scsi1 : sata_sil
Adding 506008k swap on /dev/hdc9. Priority:-1 extents:1
Linux agpgart interface v0.100 (c) Dave Jones
agpgart: Detected NVIDIA nForce2 chipset
agpgart: Maximum main memory to use for agp memory: 439M
agpgart: AGP aperture is 64M @ 0xe0000000
kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3 FS on hdc10, internal journal
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
Supermount version 2.0.4 for kernel 2.6
ntfs: Ignoring new-style parameters in presence of obsolete ones
NTFS driver 2.1.22 [Flags: R/O DEBUG MODULE].
NTFS volume version 3.1.
FAT: Unrecognized mount option "autocodepage=850" or missing value
NTFS volume version 3.1.
NTFS volume version 3.1.
loop: loaded (max 8 devices)
ieee1394: Initialized config rom entry `ip1394'
ohci1394: $Rev: 1223 $ Ben Collins <bcollins@debian.org>
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:0d.0 to 64
ohci1394: fw-host0: OHCI-1394 1.1 (PCI): IRQ=[5] MMIO=[e8084000-e80847ff] MaxPacket=[2048]
hdb: ATAPI 48X DVD-ROM drive, 512kB Cache, UDMA(33)
Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20
hdd: ATAPI 40X DVD-ROM DVD-R CD-R/RW drive, 2048kB Cache
ohci1394: fw-host0: SelfID received outside of bus reset sequence
ieee1394: Host added: ID:BUS[0-00:1023] GUID[000000508df696ab]
eth1394: $Rev: 1224 $ Ben Collins <bcollins@debian.org>
eth1394: eth0: IEEE-1394 IPv4 over 1394 Ethernet (fw-host0)
Floppy drive(s): fd0 is 1.44M
FDC 0 is a post-1991 82077
NET: Registered protocol family 17
CSLIP: code copyright 1989 Regents of the University of California
PPP generic driver version 2.4.2
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:06.0 to 64
intel8x0_measure_ac97_clock: measured 49805 usecs
intel8x0: clocking to 47496
Bluetooth: Core ver 2.7
NET: Registered protocol family 31
Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: L2CAP ver 2.7
Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.5
Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
FAT: Unrecognized mount option "autocodepage=850" or missing value
NET: Registered protocol family 10
Disabled Privacy Extensions on device c03b26e0(lo)
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver
Disabled Privacy Extensions on device df168800(sit0)
bootsplash 3.1.6-2004/03/31: looking for picture...<6>...found (800x600, 10640 bytes, v3).
bootsplash: status on console 0 changed to on
bootsplash 3.1.6-2004/03/31: looking for picture...<6>...found (800x600, 10640 bytes, v3).
bootsplash: status on console 1 changed to on
bootsplash 3.1.6-2004/03/31: looking for picture...<6>...found (800x600, 10640 bytes, v3).
bootsplash: status on console 2 changed to on
bootsplash 3.1.6-2004/03/31: looking for picture...<6>...found (800x600, 10640 bytes, v3).
bootsplash: status on console 3 changed to on
bootsplash 3.1.6-2004/03/31: looking for picture...<6>...found (800x600, 10640 bytes, v3).
bootsplash: status on console 4 changed to on
bootsplash 3.1.6-2004/03/31: looking for picture...<6>...found (800x600, 10640 bytes, v3).
bootsplash: status on console 5 changed to on
forcedeth.c: Reverse Engineered nForce ethernet driver. Version 0.31.
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:04.0 to 64
eth0: forcedeth.c: subsystem: 0147b:1c00 bound to 0000:00:04.0
eth0: no link during initialization.
eth0: link up.
eth0: no IPv6 routers present
HDLC line discipline: version $Revision: 4.8 $, maxframe=4096
N_HDLC line discipline registered.
[root@localhost ~]#

Au lancement donc:
1 Echec =>Remontage du système de fichiers racine en écriture

2 Echec => Montage des systèmes de fichiers locaux
..or toot many mounted file système.

(Ce serait bien de pouvoir stopper l'énumération initiale pour pouvoir tout choper)
Merci np34