MPPT Implementation: Charging and Discharging in ISIS Proteus

I'm turning to you today after long reflection on my topic that dates back already.

Indeed, I need to implement an MPPT. For this, I have chosen the following tools:

A solar panel
An Arduino Mega 2560 board
A buck converter
A battery
I am currently in the simulation phase and I am encountering several problems, so I would like to solve them one by one.

The first one that is really blocking me is that I cannot simulate the charging and discharging of my battery. For that, I implore your help to resolve this issue.

NB: For my simulation, I tried to connect the battery in series with a resistor, but I am not observing anything. I even tried using a voltage generator in series with a resistor, but still nothing.

Thank you in advance, and I am available for any misunderstanding.



Here is the code used with Arduino Mega 2560

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include "TimerOne.h" // using Timer1 library from https://playground.arduino.cc/Code/Timer1/

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include "TimerOne.h" // using Timer1 library from https://playground.arduino.cc/Code/Timer1/

// Definition of the purpose of the pins
#define PWM10 10 // 10 Timer 2
#define Led13 13 // 13 for the yellow led on the board
#define BP1 30 // 30 BP1
#define BP2 31 // 31 BP2
#define PWM_MAX 100 // the value for pwm duty cyle 0-100%
#define PWM_MIN 60 // the value for pwm duty cyle 0-100%
#define PWM_START 90 // the value for pwm duty cyle 0-100%

LiquidCrystal monEcran(27,28,25,24,23,22); // creating the screen object

/* Example code for the analogRead() function.

• /

float Vn ; // Pn_1 Represents Pn which is the value of the panel voltage
float Vb ; // Pn Represents Pn which is the value of the battery voltage
float In; // This is the current from the panel
float Pn ; // panel power
float Pn_1 = 0; // Pn_1 Represents Pn-1 which is the previous value of Pn
float Vn_1 = 0; // Pn_1 Represents Pn-1 which is the previous value of Pn
byte K=1;
byte pwm ; // pwm duty cycle 0-100%
//int consigne = 8;

// Setup function, called at startup of the Arduino board
void setup()
{

monEcran.begin(20,4); // initialize communication with 20 columns and four rows

TCCR2B = TCCR2B & 0b11111000 | 0x01; //Frequency division by 1 //frequency: 32500Hz, 7692Hz,

pinMode(PWM10, OUTPUT );
pinMode(Led13, OUTPUT); // Arduino board led
Timer1.initialize(300000); // initialize timer1, and set a 0.1 second period => 100 000 for 0.01s 10 000
Timer1.attachInterrupt(callback); // attaches callback() as a timer overflow interrupt

// analogWrite(PWM10, 128);
// which is at the new chosen frequency

}

// Function to adjust the PWM

//void Rapport_cyclic_pwm(void)
//{
// if (pwm > PWM_MAX) // check limits of PWM duty cyle and set to PWM_MAX
// {
// pwm = PWM_MAX;
// }
// else if (pwm < PWM_MIN) // if pwm is less than PWM_MIN then set it to PWM_MIN
// {
// pwm = PWM_MIN;
// }
//
// if (pwm < PWM_MAX)
// {
// Timer1.pwm(PWM10,(PWM_FULL * (long)pwm / 100), 20); // use Timer1 routine to set pwm duty cycle at 20uS period
// //FlexiTimer2.pwm(PWM_PIN,(PWM_FULL * (long)pwm / 100));
// }
// else if (pwm == PWM_MAX) // if pwm set to 100% it will be on full but we have
// {
// Timer1.pwm(PWM10,(PWM_FULL - 1), 1000); // keep switching so set duty cycle at 99.9% and slow down to 1000uS period
// //FlexiTimer2.pwm(PWM_PIN,(PWM_FULL - 1));
// }
//} // End of the function to adjust the PWM

// Loop function, called continuously in a loop as long as the Arduino board is powered
/* Data reading function*/
void callback() {
digitalWrite(Led13,HIGH); // measure the time of the routine
// Measures the voltage on pin A0
Vn = analogRead(A0);

// Measures the current on pin A1
In = analogRead(A1);

// Converts the measured value (integer) into the voltage of the photovoltaic panel via cross-multiplication
Vn = Vn*25;
Vn = Vn/1023;

// Converts the measured value (integer) into the panel current
In = In*5;
In = In/1023;

// Measures the voltage on pin A0
Vb = analogRead(A2);

// Converts the measured value (integer) into the voltage of the photovoltaic panel via cross-multiplication
Vb = Vb*25;
Vb = Vb/1023;

// just writes the value of 0 to 255 of the duty cycle of the signal

if(Pn>Pn_1)
{
if(Vn>Vn_1)
{
pwm = pwm-1;
//Rapport_cyclic_pwm();
}
else
{
pwm = pwm + 1;
//Rapport_cyclic_pwm();
}
}
else
{
if(Vn>Vn_1)
{
pwm = pwm+1;
// Rapport_cyclic_pwm();
}
else
{
pwm = pwm-1;
//Rapport_cyclic_pwm();
}
}

// delay(30); // using timer0
Pn_1 = Pn;
Vn_1 = Vn;

digitalWrite(Led13,LOW); // measure the time of the routine
} // end of routine

/* Function to display the data*/

void Affich_data(void)
{
monEcran.setCursor(0,0);
monEcran.print("Up");
monEcran.setCursor(5,0);
monEcran.print("Ip");

monEcran.setCursor(10,0);
monEcran.print("P");

monEcran.setCursor(15,0);
monEcran.print("pwm"); // Display the duty cycle

monEcran.setCursor(0,2);
monEcran.print("Vb");

// Sends the measurement to (Vn,1);
// LCD for display

monEcran.setCursor(0,1); // clear 1 line
monEcran.print(" ");
monEcran.setCursor(0,1);
monEcran.print(Vn,1);
// Sends the measurement to the LCD for display
monEcran.setCursor(5,1);
monEcran.print(In, 1);

// Calculation of nominal power
Pn= Vn*In;
monEcran.setCursor(10,1);
monEcran.print(Pn, 1); // Display to one decimal

monEcran.setCursor(15,1);
monEcran.print(pwm); // Display to one decimal

monEcran.setCursor(0,3);
monEcran.print( Vb, 1); // Display to one decimal
monEcran.setCursor(15,2); // column, line
monEcran.print("BP1"); // display BP1
}

void loop()
{

Affich_data();

} // end loop